Healthy pregnancy hub

Labetalol

Last Update: 12 May 2026

Medication
Welcome to our fact sheet on labetalol during pregnancy and lactation. This information is based on available published literature. It should not take the place of medical care and advice from your healthcare provider.

The HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB team is collaborating with MotherToBaby to share information on this topic. The original version is available here (February 2026).

Serene, our chatbot, can also answer your questions about medications during pregnancy.

Please note that this fact sheet is based on United States information and has been adapted for Canada, with a review by our Canadian experts. Minor differences may exist between the two countries. Always consult your healthcare professional for information tailored to your situation.

1. What is labetalol?

Labetalol is a first-line medication that has been used to manage high blood pressure and chest pain. It works by slowing the heart rate and opening blood vessels to improve blood flow and lower blood pressure. Labetalol is part of a group of medications called beta-blockers.

Sometimes when people find out they are pregnant, they think about changing how they take their medication, or stopping their medication altogether. However, it is important to talk with your healthcare providers before making any changes to how you take this medication. Your healthcare providers can talk with you about the benefits of treating your condition and the risks of untreated illness during pregnancy. 

2. What does research say about the risks during pregnancy?

I take labetalol. Can it make it harder for me to get pregnant? 

It is not known if labetalol can make it harder to get pregnant. 

Does taking labetalol increase the chance for miscarriage? 

Miscarriage is common and can occur in any pregnancy for many different reasons. Based on the studies reviewed, ​​it is not known if labetalol can increase the chance for miscarriage. Having high blood pressure that is not well managed might increase the chance of miscarriage.

Does taking labetalol increase the chance of birth defects? 

Birth defects can happen in any pregnancy for different reasons. Out of all babies born each year, about 3 out of 100 (3%) will have a birth defect. This is called the background risk. We look at research studies to try to understand if an exposure, like labetalol, might increase the chance of birth defects in a pregnancy. 

Information on the use of labetalol in pregnancy is limited. Available information does not suggest that the use of labetalol in pregnancy increases the chance of birth defects. 

Does taking labetalol in pregnancy increase the chance of other pregnancy-related problems?

Most studies do not suggest that labetalol increases the chance of other pregnancy related problems, such as preterm delivery (birth before week 37), low birth weight (weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces [2500 grams] at birth), or stillbirth. 

Temporary symptoms starting shortly after birth have been reported in some infants who were exposed to labetalol late in the pregnancy. Symptoms can include slowed heart rate, low blood pressure, and low blood sugar. In most cases, these symptoms go away within a few days. It has been suggested that infants who were exposed to labetalol during the pregnancy be monitored after birth; so that if symptoms occur, the baby can get the care that is best for them.

There have been cases where the effects of beta-blocker exposure occurred a week after birth. The symptoms were more severe and life-threatening. Symptoms reported included abnormal breathing, sepsis (blood infection), and seizures. It has been suggested that preterm infants that were exposed to labetalol over a long period of time during pregnancy should be carefully monitored during the first week after birth. 

Does taking labetalol in pregnancy affect future behavior or learning for the child?

It is not known if labetalol can increase the chance of behavior or learning issues for the child. One study of 32 children between the ages of 3-7 years old who were exposed to labetalol during pregnancy found no differences on formal testing of learning and behavior compared to children who were not exposed to labetalol. Another study found a higher chance for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children who were exposed to labetalol or a different type of high blood pressure medication during pregnancy. However, the study had limitations that made it hard to know if labetalol played any role in the cases of ADHD.

3. Lactating while taking labetalol

Labetalol gets into human milk in small amounts. These amounts are not expected to cause problems in full-term nursed infants. Labetalol is generally acceptable for use in breast/chest feeding. If the baby was born preterm, discuss the risks and benefits of taking labetalol while breast/chest feeding with your healthcare provider and the child’s healthcare provider. If you suspect the baby has any symptoms such as drowsiness, looking pale, or not eating well, contact the child’s healthcare provider. Be sure to talk to your healthcare provider about all your breast/chest feeding questions. 

4. What about fathers and sperm donors?

If a male takes labetalol, could it affect fertility or increase the chance of birth defects?

There have been case reports of sexual dysfunction (trouble with ejaculation) in men while taking labetalol. This could make it harder to conceive a pregnancy. Studies have not been done to see if labetalol could increase the chance of birth defects above the background risk. In general, exposures that fathers or sperm donors have are unlikely to increase risks to a pregnancy. For more information, please see the MotherToBaby fact sheet Paternal Exposures here.

Key points

  • Labetalol is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and chest pain. It helps the heart beat more slowly and relaxes blood vessels.
  • Available studies do not show a higher risk of birth defects or problems like preterm birth.
  • Some babies exposed late in pregnancy may have temporary effects (slow heart rate, low blood sugar). These usually go away within a few days.
  • It is not known if labetalol affects fertility or the risk of miscarriage. In men, it may sometimes cause sexual difficulties.
  • The medication passes into breast milk in small amounts and is unlikely to cause problems.
  • Always talk with your healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

References

Please click here for references. 

Additional references 

  1. Leonard SA, et al. Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Labetalol Versus Nifedipine for Treatment of Chronic Hypertension During Pregnancy. JACC Adv. 2025 Sep;4(9):102054. doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.102054. Epub 2025 Aug 7. PMID: 40772922; PMCID: PMC12539438. 
  2. Hup RJ, et al. Oral antihypertensive treatment during pregnancy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2025 Oct;233(4):250-262. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2025.04.011. Epub 2025 Apr 10. PMID: 40216176. 
  3. Bone JN, et al. Oral Antihypertensives for Nonsevere Pregnancy Hypertension: Systematic Review, Network Meta- and Trial Sequential Analyses. Hypertension. 2022 Mar;79(3):614-628. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18415. Epub 2022 Jan 4. PMID: 35138877; PMCID: PMC8823910. 
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HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB provides a source of information validated by health professionals; however, this information is provided for informational purposes only and should not replace professional advice. Medical standards and practices evolve as new data becomes available, so it is imperative to consult your doctor or a qualified health professional for any questions or concerns regarding your health without delay or omission. It is the responsibility of your treating physician or any other health professional, based on their independent experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine the best way to evaluate and treat you.

HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB does not specifically recommend or endorse any test, practitioner, treatment, product, or opinion mentioned on our platform. HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB also does not replace the individual patient assessment based on the examination by the healthcare provider of each patient and the consideration of laboratory data and other patient-specific factors.

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While consulting symptoms or other medical information on our platform may guide your discussions with your healthcare professional, this information should not be used to make a medical diagnosis or determine treatment. Before making changes to your supplement or medication regimen, please discuss with your medical team or contact 811 (Canada) to ensure the relevance of these changes to your individual situation.

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MotherToBaby
Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS)
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Émy Roberge
Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine
Sherif Eltonsy
University of Manitoba
Vanina Tchuente
Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine

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