Healthy pregnancy hub

Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid (Clavulin®)

Last Update: 09 Apr 2025

Welcome to our fact sheet on amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Clavulin®) during pregnancy and breastfeeding/ chestfeeding. The information given is based on recent research and may change as science progresses. This content does not replace personalized advice from your healthcare team.

 

The HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB team is collaborating with MotherToBaby to share information on this topic. The original version is available here (updated on March 2024). 

Serene, our chatbot, can also answer your questions about medications during pregnancy. 

Please note that this fact sheet is based on United States information and has been adapted for Canada, with a review by our Canadian experts. Minor differences may exist between the two countries. Always consult your healthcare professional for information tailored to your situation. 

1. What are amoxicillin and clavulanic acid?

Amoxicillin is a penicillin-like antibiotic. Clavulanic acid is a medication that helps amoxicillin work better. These two medications are combined to make an antibiotic that has been used to treat infections caused by bacteria. Some brand names include Amoclav®, Augmentin XR® and Clavamox®. In Canada, it is sold under the name Clavulin®. 

Sometimes when people find out they are pregnant, they think about changing how they take their medication, or stopping their medication altogether. However, it is important to talk with your healthcare providers before making any changes to how you take your medication. Your healthcare providers can talk with you about the benefits of treating your condition and the risks of untreated illness during pregnancy. 

2. What are the risks according to research?

I take amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Can it make it harder for me to get pregnant?

It is not known if taking amoxicillin and clavulanic acid can make it harder to get pregnant. 

Does taking amoxicillin and clavulanic acid increase the chance of miscarriage?

Miscarriage is common and can occur in any pregnancy for many different reasons. Studies have not been done to see if taking amoxicillin and clavulanic acid can increase the chance of miscarriage. 

Does taking amoxicillin and clavulanic acid increase the chance of birth defects?

Every pregnancy starts out with a 3-5% chance of having a birth defect. This is called the background risk. Most studies have not found an increased chance of birth defects when amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are taken during the first trimester. However, there are very few studies available about this combination medication. There are more studies looking at the use of amoxicillin only during pregnancy. A few of these studies have shown a higher chance of cleft lip and/or cleft palate (an opening in the upper lip and/or the roof of the mouth that needs surgery to correct) when amoxicillin is taken during the first trimester. Other studies on amoxicillin use have not found a higher chance of cleft lip and/or palate. Overall, the chance of cleft lip and/or palate is expected to be low if an individual takes amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in the first trimester of pregnancy. 

Does taking amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in pregnancy increase the chance of other pregnancy-related problems?

Taking amoxicillin and clavulanic acid is not expected to increase the chance of pregnancy-related problems such as preterm delivery (birth before week 37) or low birth weight (weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces [2500 grams] at birth). 

Studies have looked at pregnancy outcomes in individuals treated with antibiotics to help prevent infection following preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). PPROM is when the fluid-filled sac surrounding the fetus breaks open before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Some studies have suggested that using amoxicillin with clavulanic acid following PPROM increases the chance of a serious bacterial infection known as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in the newborn. NEC is a condition that can injure a baby’s intestines. Although the chance of NEC in the newborn is likely to be low with the use of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid following PPROM, other antibiotics might be preferred in these cases, if needed. 

Does taking amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in pregnancy affect future behavior or learning for the child?

A study that followed hundreds of children up to age 11 years did not find that using amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in pregnancy causes learning or behavior problems in the child. 

3. Breastfeeding while taking amoxicillin and clavulanic acid

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid enter the breast milk/ human milk in small amounts. These small amounts are not expected to cause side effects for most nursing infants. In a study of 67 breastfeeding/ chestfeeding infants, there were no serious side effects from this medication in the breast milk/ human milk. Some babies had rash, diarrhea, irritability, or constipation, but these reactions did not last long. If you suspect the baby has any symptoms (such as rash or diarrhea), contact the child’s healthcare provider. Be sure to talk to your healthcare provider about all your breastfeeding/ chestfeeding questions. 

4. Fathers and sperm donors

If a male takes amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, could it affect fertility or increase the chance of birth defects? 

Studies have not been done to see if amoxicillin and clavulanic acid could affect male fertility (ability to get a partner pregnant) or increase the chance of birth defects above the background risk. In general, exposures that fathers and sperm donors have are unlikely to increase risks to a pregnancy. For more information, please see the MotherToBaby fact sheet on Paternal Exposures here.

Key points

  • Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are combined to form an antibiotic commonly used together to treat bacterial infections like urinary tract infection.
  • Studies have not shown that these antibiotics increase the risk of miscarriage, birth defects, or preterm birth, but research remains limited.
  • These antibiotics pass into breast milk/ human milk in small amounts and generally do not cause serious side effects in babies.
  • Before stopping or changing a treatment, it is important to discuss the benefits and risks with your healthcare team.

References

Please click here for references. 

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Disclaimer

HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB provides a source of information validated by health professionals; however, this information is provided for informational purposes only and should not replace professional advice. Medical standards and practices evolve as new data becomes available, so it is imperative to consult your doctor or a qualified health professional for any questions or concerns regarding your health without delay or omission. It is the responsibility of your treating physician or any other health professional, based on their independent experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine the best way to evaluate and treat you.

HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB does not specifically recommend or endorse any test, practitioner, treatment, product, or opinion mentioned on our platform. HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB also does not replace the individual patient assessment based on the examination by the healthcare provider of each patient and the consideration of laboratory data and other patient-specific factors.

The use of the information available on our site is at your own risk. No person involved in the creation, production, promotion, or marketing of HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB guarantees or represents, expressly or implicitly, anything regarding the information available on the platform, which is provided “as it is”. All warranties are expressly excluded and disclaimed, including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, as well as any warranties arising by law or otherwise in law or from trade or usage. Any statements or representations made by any other person or entity are void.

While consulting symptoms or other medical information on our platform may guide your discussions with your healthcare professional, this information should not be used to make a medical diagnosis or determine treatment. Before making changes to your supplement or medication regimen, please discuss with your medical team or contact 811 (Canada) to ensure the relevance of these changes to your individual situation.

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MotherToBaby
Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS)
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Émy Roberge
Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine
Brigitte Martin
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine

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