Healthy pregnancy hub

Diazepam (Valium®)

Last Update: 01 Oct 2025

Welcome to our fact sheet on diazepam during pregnancy and breastfeeding or chestfeeding. This information is based on available published literature. It should not take the place of medical care and advice from your healthcare provider.

The HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB team is collaborating with MotherToBaby to share information on this topic. The original version is available here (March 2024).

Serene, our chatbot, can also answer your questions about medications during pregnancy.

Please note that this fact sheet is based on United States information and has been adapted for Canada, with a review by our Canadian experts. Minor differences may exist between the two countries. Always consult your healthcare professional for information tailored to your situation.

1. What is diazepam?

Diazepam is a medication that has been used to treat anxiety, sleeplessness, muscle spasms, and alcohol withdrawal. It is sometimes used with other medications to treat seizures. Diazepam is in the class of medication called benzodiazepines. It is sold under the brand name Valium®. 

Sometimes when people find out they are pregnant, they think about changing how they take their medication, or stopping their medication altogether. However, it is important to talk with your healthcare providers before making any changes to how you take this medication. Your healthcare providers can talk with you about the benefits of treating your condition and the risks of untreated illness during pregnancy. Some people may have a return of their symptoms (relapse) if they stop this medication during pregnancy. 

If you plan to stop this medication, your healthcare provider may suggest that you slowly lower the dose instead of stopping all at once. Stopping this medication suddenly can cause some people to have withdrawal symptoms. It is not known what effects, if any, withdrawal could have on a pregnancy. 

2. What does research say about the risks during pregnancy?

I take diazepam. Can it make it harder for me to get pregnant? 

It is not known if taking diazepam can make it harder to get pregnant. 

Does taking diazepam increase the chance of miscarriage?

Miscarriage is common and can occur in any pregnancy for many different reasons. It is not known if diazepam increases the chance of miscarriage. 

Does taking diazepam increase the chance of birth defects?

Every pregnancy starts out with a 3-5% chance of having a birth defect. This is called the background risk. Based on the studies reviewed, using diazepam is not expected to increase the chance of birth defects above the background risk. Older studies suggested a less than 1 in 100 (less than 1%) increased chance of cleft lip and/or cleft palate if a person uses diazepam in the first trimester of pregnancy. A cleft lip or cleft palate is when the lip and/or roof of mouth formed with a split and can need surgery to correct. More recent studies that are larger and better-designed have not found an increased chance of oral clefts or other birth defects with diazepam use in pregnancy. 

Does taking diazepam in pregnancy increase the chance of other pregnancy-related problems?

Some, but not all, studies reported that taking diazepam or other benzodiazepines in pregnancy might increase the chance for pregnancy complications such as preterm delivery (delivery before 37 weeks of pregnancy), low birth weight (weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces [2500 grams] at birth), and/or smaller head size. As there can be many causes of pregnancy-related complications, it is hard to know if a medication, the medical condition, or other factors are the cause of the reported complications. 

I need to take diazepam throughout my entire pregnancy. Will it cause withdrawal symptoms in my baby after birth?

The use of diazepam during pregnancy can cause temporary symptoms in newborns soon after birth. These symptoms are sometimes referred to as withdrawal. Symptoms might include breathing problems, jitteriness, excessive crying, and trouble keeping their body temperature. Some newborns may have loose muscle tone, sluggishness, and trouble latching on to feed (called “floppy infant syndrome”). Some babies might need to spend more time in the hospital to help manage these symptoms. The symptoms are expected to go away within a few weeks. Not all babies exposed to diazepam will have these symptoms. It is important that your healthcare providers know you are taking diazepam so that if symptoms occur your baby can get the care that is best for them. 

Does taking diazepam in pregnancy affect future behavior or learning for the child?

It is not known if taking diazepam increases the chance for behavior or learning issues. Two studies have followed children who were exposed to diazepam during pregnancy until the children were up to 18 months or 3 years of age. These studies reported that the children were more likely to show certain behaviors, such as anxiety, sadness, and fearfulness. One study, on benzodiazepines in general, found that using a benzodiazepine medication, including diazepam, in pregnancy might make it slightly more likely for someone to have autism or ADHD. However, when the study compared siblings who were exposed to a benzodiazepine with siblings who were not exposed, they no longer found an increased chance for ADHD or autism. This study suggests that the chance for ADHD or autism is more likely associated with genetic factors. In addition, another study on benzodiazepines, including diazepam, did not report a higher chance for ADHD and autism. 

3. Breastfeeding​/ chestfeeding​ while taking diazepam

Diazepam gets into human milk in small amounts. Diazepam can stay in the body longer than some other benzodiazepine medications. If you use diazepam regularly while nursing, there is a chance it could build up in the baby’s system. This might cause sleepiness or affect your child’s weight gain. If you suspect the baby has any symptoms like trouble feeding, breathing, gaining weight or being too sleepy, contact the child’s healthcare provider. 

The product label for diazepam recommends people who are breastfeeding or chestfeeding not use this medication. But, the benefit of using diazepam may outweigh possible risks. Your healthcare providers can talk with you about using diazepam and what treatment is best for you. Be sure to talk to your healthcare provider about all your breastfeeding or chestfeeding questions. 

4. What about fathers and sperm donors?

If a male takes diazepam, could it affect fertility or increase the chance of birth defects?

It is not known if diazepam could affect a male’s fertility (ability to get a person pregnant) or increase the chance of birth defects. In general, exposures that fathers or sperm donors have are unlikely to increase risks to a pregnancy. For more information, please see the MotherToBaby fact sheet Paternal Exposures here.

Key points

  • Diazepam (Valium®) is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety, trouble sleeping, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal, and sometimes seizures. 
  • It is not known if diazepam makes it harder to get pregnant or increases the chance of miscarriage. 
  • Most recent studies do not show an increased risk of birth defects with diazepam.
  • Some studies, but not all, have found a possible link between diazepam and pregnancy complications like preterm birth, low birth weight, or smaller head size. 
  • Diazepam passes into human milk and may build up in the baby’s system if used regularly. Talk to your healthcare provider to find the best option for your situation. 
  • Always talk to your healthcare provider before making any changes to your medication during pregnancy or breastfeeding/ chestfeeding.

References

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Disclaimer

HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB provides a source of information validated by health professionals; however, this information is provided for informational purposes only and should not replace professional advice. Medical standards and practices evolve as new data becomes available, so it is imperative to consult your doctor or a qualified health professional for any questions or concerns regarding your health without delay or omission. It is the responsibility of your treating physician or any other health professional, based on their independent experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine the best way to evaluate and treat you.

HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB does not specifically recommend or endorse any test, practitioner, treatment, product, or opinion mentioned on our platform. HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB also does not replace the individual patient assessment based on the examination by the healthcare provider of each patient and the consideration of laboratory data and other patient-specific factors.

The use of the information available on our site is at your own risk. No person involved in the creation, production, promotion, or marketing of HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB guarantees or represents, expressly or implicitly, anything regarding the information available on the platform, which is provided “as it is”. All warranties are expressly excluded and disclaimed, including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, as well as any warranties arising by law or otherwise in law or from trade or usage. Any statements or representations made by any other person or entity are void.

While consulting symptoms or other medical information on our platform may guide your discussions with your healthcare professional, this information should not be used to make a medical diagnosis or determine treatment. Before making changes to your supplement or medication regimen, please discuss with your medical team or contact 811 (Canada) to ensure the relevance of these changes to your individual situation.

Credits
MotherToBaby
Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS)
View source
Sasha Bernatsky
Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
Evelyne Rey
CHU Sainte-Justine
Émy Roberge
Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine

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