Does taking nifedipine increase the chance of miscarriage?
Miscarriage is common and can occur in any pregnancy for many different reasons. Two studies reported a higher number of miscarriages in pregnancies exposed to calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine, when compared to pregnancies not exposed to calcium channel blockers. As there can be many causes of miscarriage, it is hard to know if a medication, the medical condition, or other factors are the cause of a miscarriage.
Does taking nifedipine increase the chance of birth defects?
Birth defects can happen in any pregnancy for different reasons. Out of all babies born each year, about 3 out of 100 (3%) will have a birth defect. We look at research studies to try to understand if an exposure, like nifedipine, might increase the chance of birth defects in a pregnancy.
It is not known if nifedipine can increase the chance of birth defects. Some studies have found a small increase in risk of birth defects in babies exposed to nifedipine in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Other studies did not find an increased risk.
Does taking nifedipine in pregnancy increase the chance of other pregnancy-related problems?
Two studies reported that preterm delivery (birth before week 37) and lower birth weight (less than 6lbs) were more common in pregnant people treated with calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine. The authors of the studies suggest the cause of these complications is likely due to the illnesses being treated rather than the medications.
Uncontrolled high blood pressure during pregnancy can increase the chance of heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke in pregnant people. Babies can be smaller than usual (growth restriction) and have a higher chance of preterm delivery. Also, the placenta (an organ that provides oxygen and nutrients to the pregnancy) can separate from the wall of the uterus too soon (placental abruption). Some people might develop preeclampsia (a pregnancy-related condition that can cause symptoms such as high blood pressure or fluid retention) that can lead to seizures (eclampsia). These conditions are serious and can be harmful to the pregnant woman and the fetus.
Does taking nifedipine in pregnancy affect future behavior or learning for the child?
Two studies have looked at children exposed to nifedipine during pregnancy. No concerns for behavior or learning problems were reported.
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