Healthy pregnancy hub

Nifedipine (Adalat® XL)

Last Update: 16 Oct 2025

Welcome to our fact sheet on nifedipine during pregnancy and breastfeeding or chestfeeding. This information is based on available published literature. It should not take the place of medical care and advice from your healthcare provider.

The HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB team is collaborating with MotherToBaby to share information on this topic. The original version is available here (August 2024).

Serene, our chatbot, can also answer your questions about medications during pregnancy.

Please note that this fact sheet is based on United States information and has been adapted for Canada, with a review by our Canadian experts. Minor differences may exist between the two countries. Always consult your healthcare professional for information tailored to your situation.

1. What is nifedipine?

Nifedipine is a medication that has been used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), and chest pain (angina). It also has been used to stop labor before 37 weeks of pregnancy (preterm labor). Nifedipine is part of a group of medications called calcium channel blockers. Some brand names for nifedipine include Procardia®, Adalat CC®, and Afeditab CR®. 

Sometimes when people find out they are pregnant, they think about changing how they take their medication, or stopping their medication altogether. However, it is important to talk with your healthcare providers before making any changes to how you take your medication. Your healthcare providers can talk with you about the benefits of treating your condition and the risks of untreated conditions during pregnancy. 

2. What does research say about the risks during pregnancy?

I take nifedipine. Can it make it harder for me to get pregnant?

Studies have not been done to see if nifedipine can make it harder to get pregnant. 

Does taking nifedipine increase the chance of miscarriage?

Miscarriage is common and can occur in any pregnancy for many different reasons. Two studies reported a higher number of miscarriages in pregnancies exposed to calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine, when compared to pregnancies not exposed to calcium channel blockers. As there can be many causes of miscarriage, it is hard to know if a medication, the medical condition, or other factors are the cause of a miscarriage. 

Does taking nifedipine increase the chance of birth defects?

Birth defects can happen in any pregnancy for different reasons. Out of all babies born each year, about 3 out of 100 (3%) will have a birth defect. We look at research studies to try to understand if an exposure, like nifedipine, might increase the chance of birth defects in a pregnancy. 

It is not known if nifedipine can increase the chance of birth defects. Some studies have found a small increase in risk of birth defects in babies exposed to nifedipine in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Other studies did not find an increased risk. 

Does taking nifedipine in pregnancy increase the chance of other pregnancy-related problems?

Two studies reported that preterm delivery (birth before week 37) and lower birth weight (less than 6lbs) were more common in pregnant people treated with calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine. The authors of the studies suggest the cause of these complications is likely due to the illnesses being treated rather than the medications. 

Uncontrolled high blood pressure during pregnancy can increase the chance of heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke in pregnant people. Babies can be smaller than usual (growth restriction) and have a higher chance of preterm delivery. Also, the placenta (an organ that provides oxygen and nutrients to the pregnancy) can separate from the wall of the uterus too soon (placental abruption). Some people might develop preeclampsia (a pregnancy-related condition that can cause symptoms such as high blood pressure or fluid retention) that can lead to seizures (eclampsia). These conditions are serious and can be harmful to the pregnant woman and the fetus. 

Does taking nifedipine in pregnancy affect future behavior or learning for the child?

Two studies have looked at children exposed to nifedipine during pregnancy. No concerns for behavior or learning problems were reported. 

3. Breastfeeding​/ chestfeeding​ while taking nifedipine

Nifedipine gets into human milk in small amounts. No problems have been reported in nursing infants with exposure to nifedipine through breast/ chest milk. However, some people metabolize the drug differently which results in a higher amount in milk. If you suspect the baby has any symptoms (like poor feeding), contact the child’s healthcare provider.Be sure to talk to your healthcare provider about all your breastfeeding or chestfeeding questions. 

4. What about fathers and sperm donors?

If a male takes nifedipine, could it affect fertility or increase the chance of birth defects?

One study suggested possible infertility (trouble getting a person pregnant) in a small number of male taking nifedipine to control high blood pressure. The infertility went away when the medication was stopped. Studies have not been done to see if a male’s use of nifedipine could increase the chance of birth defects. In general, exposures that fathers or sperm donors have are unlikely to increase risks to a pregnancy. For more information, please see the MotherToBaby fact sheet Paternal Exposures here.

Key points

  • Nifedipine is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and chest pain.
  • Some studies found more premature births and smaller babies in those who used calcium channel blockers like nifedipine, but this may be due to the condition being treated, not the medication. 
  • Uncontrolled high blood pressure during pregnancy can cause serious health problems like preeclampsia, placental abruption, and preterm birth, which can be harmful for both the pregnant person and the baby. 
  • Two studies found no behavior or learning issues in children exposed to nifedipine during pregnancy. 
  • Nifedipine passes into breast milk in small amounts, but no problems have been reported in nursed babies. 
  • One study found possible temporary infertility in some fathers and sperm donors taking nifedipine, but stopping the medication reversed the effect.  
  • Always talk to your healthcare provider before making any changes to your medication during pregnancy or breastfeeding/ chestfeeding.

References

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Disclaimer

HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB provides a source of information validated by health professionals; however, this information is provided for informational purposes only and should not replace professional advice. Medical standards and practices evolve as new data becomes available, so it is imperative to consult your doctor or a qualified health professional for any questions or concerns regarding your health without delay or omission. It is the responsibility of your treating physician or any other health professional, based on their independent experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine the best way to evaluate and treat you.

HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB does not specifically recommend or endorse any test, practitioner, treatment, product, or opinion mentioned on our platform. HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB also does not replace the individual patient assessment based on the examination by the healthcare provider of each patient and the consideration of laboratory data and other patient-specific factors.

The use of the information available on our site is at your own risk. No person involved in the creation, production, promotion, or marketing of HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB guarantees or represents, expressly or implicitly, anything regarding the information available on the platform, which is provided “as it is”. All warranties are expressly excluded and disclaimed, including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, as well as any warranties arising by law or otherwise in law or from trade or usage. Any statements or representations made by any other person or entity are void.

While consulting symptoms or other medical information on our platform may guide your discussions with your healthcare professional, this information should not be used to make a medical diagnosis or determine treatment. Before making changes to your supplement or medication regimen, please discuss with your medical team or contact 811 (Canada) to ensure the relevance of these changes to your individual situation.

Credits
MotherToBaby
Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS)
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Evelyne Rey
CHU Sainte-Justine
Modupe Tunde-Byass
University of Toronto
R. Douglas Wilson
University of Calgary
Enav Zusman
The University of British Columbia
Judith Cottin
Émy Roberge
Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine
Folasade Elizabeth Olaniyan

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