Healthy pregnancy hub

Bupropion (Wellbutrin®)

Last Update: 08 Apr 2025

Welcome to our fact sheet on bupropion during pregnancy and breastfeeding. This information is based on available published research studies. It should not take the place of medical care and advice from your healthcare providers.

The HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB team is collaborating with MotherToBaby to share information on this topic. The original version is available here (July 2023).

Serene, our chatbot, can also answer your questions about medications during pregnancy.

Please note that this fact sheet is based on United States information and has been adapted for Canada, with a review by our Canadian experts. Minor differences may exist between the two countries. Always consult your healthcare professional for information tailored to your situation.

1. What is bupropion?

Bupropion is a medication that has been used to treat depression and seasonal affective disorder. Brand names of bupropion include Aplenzin®, Forfivo®, and Wellbutrin®. Bupropion is also sold under the brand name Zyban® as an aid to quit smoking. For more information about depression, see the MotherToBaby fact sheet here. 

Sometimes when people find out they are pregnant, they think about changing how they take their medication, or stopping their medication altogether. However, it is important to talk with your healthcare providers before making any changes to how you take your medication. Some people may have a return of their symptoms (relapse) if they stop this medication during pregnancy. Your healthcare providers can talk with you about the benefits of treating your condition and the risks of untreated illness during pregnancy. 

Stopping this medication suddenly can cause some women to have withdrawal symptoms. It is not known if or how withdrawal might affect a pregnancy. It is suggested that any reduction in bupropion be done slowly, and under the direction of your healthcare provider. 

2. What does research say about the risks during pregnancy?

I take bupropion. Can it make it harder for me to get pregnant?

Studies have not been done to see if taking bupropion can make it harder to get pregnant. Two cases of irregular menstrual cycles (periods) have been reported with bupropion use. However, these case reports did not mention fertility problems (trouble getting pregnant). 

Does taking bupropion increase the chance of miscarriage?

Miscarriage is common and can occur in any pregnancy for many different reasons. Studies have not found a higher chance of miscarriage among women who were pregnant and taking bupropion compared to the background chance of miscarriage in the general population. 

 Does taking bupropion increase the chance of birth defects?

Every pregnancy starts out with a 3-5% chance of having a birth defect. This is called the background risk. Most of the available data about the use of bupropion in pregnancy does not suggest an increased chance of birth defects. Two studies have suggested a possible link between bupropion use in the first trimester and an increased chance of heart defects. However, these studies had limitations that make it hard to know if other factors might have caused the increase in heart defects. Overall, it is considered unlikely that using bupropion during pregnancy would increase the chance of birth defects above the background risk. 

Does taking bupropion in pregnancy increase the chance of other pregnancy-related problems?

It is not known if bupropion can cause other pregnancy related problems such as preterm delivery (birth before week 37). In a small study of 30 women who were given bupropion during pregnancy for 12 weeks to help them quit smoking, no differences were seen in birth weight, length, head circumference, or Apgar score (grading system in newborns to define their wellbeing). 

 I need to take bupropion throughout my entire pregnancy. Will it cause withdrawal symptoms in my baby after birth?

The use of some antidepressants during pregnancy can cause temporary symptoms in newborns soon after birth. These symptoms are sometimes referred to as withdrawal. These symptoms can include irritability, jitteriness, trouble sleeping, or trouble eating. Not all babies exposed to antidepressants will have these symptoms. One study has suggested that the chance of these symptoms in newborns may be lower with bupropion than with some other antidepressants. It is important that your healthcare providers know you are taking bupropion so that if symptoms occur your baby can get the care that is best for them. 

Does taking bupropion in pregnancy affect future behavior or learning for the child?

It is not known if bupropion increases the chance for behavior or learning issues for the child. One study suggested an association between exposure to bupropion during pregnancy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there are many factors that contribute to ADHD. That makes it hard to know if it is the medication or other factors that can increase the chance of ADHD.

3. Breastfeeding​/chestfeeding​ while taking bupropion

Bupropion gets into breast milk​/ human milk​ in small amounts. Taking bupropion while breastfeeding/chestfeeding is not expected to cause harmful effects for most breastfed/ chestfed infants. 

There are two case reports of seizures in 6-month-old babies exposed to bupropion through breast milk/human milk. The seizures stopped when bupropion was no longer used. Infant seizures can appear different than seizures in people who are older and can include unusual eye movements (rolling, roving), blinking, eyelid fluttering, staring, sucking, smacking, chewing, tongue sticking out, unusual pedalling movements of the legs, thrashing, struggling, or long pauses in breathing. Women and gender diverse people taking bupropion while breastfeeding / chestfeeding can monitor their child closely for side effects. If you suspect the baby has any symptoms (including unusual movements, seizures, or being sleepier than usual), contact the child’s healthcare provider. Be sure to talk to your healthcare provider about all your breastfeeding/ chestfeeding questions. 

4. What about fathers and sperm donors?

 If a male takes bupropion, could it affect fertility or increase the chance of birth defects?

Studies have not been done to see if bupropion could affect a male’s fertility (ability to get a person pregnant) or increase the chance of birth defects above the background risk. In general, exposures that fathers or sperm donors have are unlikely to increase risks to a pregnancy. For more information, please see the MotherToBaby fact sheet Paternal Exposures here.

Key points

  • Bupropion (Wellbutrin®) is used to treat depression and seasonal affective disorder.
  • According to studies, bupropion is not expected to increase the risk of miscarriage or congenital malformations.
  • It is not known whether bupropion can cause other pregnancy-related issues such as preterm birth or low birth weight.
  • Bupropion passes into breast milk in small amounts.
  • Always consult your healthcare professional before starting or changing your treatment.

References

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Disclaimer

HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB provides a source of information validated by health professionals; however, this information is provided for informational purposes only and should not replace professional advice. Medical standards and practices evolve as new data becomes available, so it is imperative to consult your doctor or a qualified health professional for any questions or concerns regarding your health without delay or omission. It is the responsibility of your treating physician or any other health professional, based on their independent experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine the best way to evaluate and treat you.

HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB does not specifically recommend or endorse any test, practitioner, treatment, product, or opinion mentioned on our platform. HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB also does not replace the individual patient assessment based on the examination by the healthcare provider of each patient and the consideration of laboratory data and other patient-specific factors.

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While consulting symptoms or other medical information on our platform may guide your discussions with your healthcare professional, this information should not be used to make a medical diagnosis or determine treatment. Before making changes to your supplement or medication regimen, please discuss with your medical team or contact 811 (Canada) to ensure the relevance of these changes to your individual situation.

Credits
MotherToBaby
Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS)
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Émy Roberge
Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine
Anne-Sophie Otis
Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Justine

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