Healthy pregnancy hub

Methylphenidate (Ritalin®, Concerta®)

Last Update: 31 Mar 2025

Welcome to our fact sheet on methylphenidate during pregnancy and breastfeeding/chestfeeding. This information is based on available published literature. It should not take the place of medical care and advice from your healthcare provider.

The HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB team is collaborating with MotherToBaby to share information on this topic. The original version is available here (November 2023).

Serene, our chatbot, can also answer your questions about medications during pregnancy.

Please note that this fact sheet is based on United States information and has been adapted for Canada, with a review by our Canadian experts. Minor differences may exist between the two countries. Always consult your healthcare professional for information tailored to your situation.

1. What is methylphenidate?

Methylphenidate is a stimulant medication that has been used to treat attention deficit disorder (ADD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and sleep disorders (narcolepsy). It has also been used to lower appetite. Methylphenidate is sold under brand names including Ritalin®, Metadate®, Cotempla®, and Concerta®. A transdermal (skin) patch called Daytrana® is approved for children and adolescents in the United States. 

Sometimes when people find out they are pregnant, they think about changing how they take their medication, or stopping their medication altogether. However, it is important to talk with your healthcare providers before making any changes to how you take your medication. Your healthcare providers can talk with you about the benefits of treating your condition and the risks of untreated illness during pregnancy. 

2. What does research say about the risks during pregnancy?

I take methylphenidate. Can it make it harder for me to get pregnant?

It is not known if methylphenidate could make it harder to get pregnant. Animal studies have not shown negative effects on fertility (ability to get pregnant) at doses up to 200 times the maximum dose given to humans. 

Does taking methylphenidate increase the chance of miscarriage?

Miscarriage is common and can occur in any pregnancy for many different reasons. It is not known if taking methylphenidate increases the chance of miscarriage. One small study found a small increased chance for miscarriage in pregnant persons. As there can be many causes of miscarriage, it is hard to know if a medication, the medical condition, or other factors are the cause of a miscarriage. 

Does taking methylphenidate increase the chance of birth defects?

Every pregnancy starts out with a 3-5% chance of having a birth defect. This is called the background risk. Information from studies looking at about 2,200 pregnancies suggests methylphenidate is not expected to increase the chance of birth defects above the background risk. Most studies have reported healthy babies delivered at full-term after exposure to methylphenidate. One large database study suggested an increased chance for heart defects when methylphenidate is used in pregnancy. Other studies have not suggested an increased chance for heart defects. Research has not been done on the skin patch and pregnancy. 

Does taking methylphenidate in pregnancy increase the chance of other pregnancy-related problems? 

Limited research does not suggest an increased chance for other pregnancy-related problems, such as preterm delivery (birth before week 37) or low birth weight (weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces at birth) when methylphenidate is taken as prescribed during pregnancy. 

I need to take methylphenidate throughout my entire pregnancy. Will it cause withdrawal symptoms in my baby after birth?

The use of methylphenidate during pregnancy can cause temporary symptoms in newborns soon after birth. These symptoms are sometimes referred to as withdrawal. However, this has not been seen with use of methylphenidate when taken as prescribed. Not all babies exposed to methylphenidate will have symptoms. It is important that your healthcare providers know you are taking methylphenidate so that if symptoms occur your baby can get the care that is best for them. 

Does taking methylphenidate in pregnancy affect future behavior or learning for the child?

Methylphenidate is not expected to increase the chance for behavior or learning issues for the child. Limited studies have shown typical growth in children up to one year of age who were exposed to methylphenidate during pregnancy. Studies have shown no changes in neurodevelopment in children after being exposed to methylphenidate during pregnancy. 

3. Breastfeeding​/ chestfeeding​ while taking methylphenidate

Methylphenidate passes into breast milk / human milk in small amounts. When taken as prescribed, methylphenidate is not expected to cause problems for a nursing infant. There are reports on 5 nursing infants exposed to methylphenidate. The women who were breastfeeding/chestfeeding were taking doses of methylphenidate that ranged from 35-80mg per day. The nursing infants reportedly had typical weights, and typical sleeping and feeding habits. Breastfeeding/chestfeeding studies have not been done on the skin patch. Be sure to talk to your healthcare provider about all your breastfeeding/chestfeeding questions. 

4. What about fathers and sperm donors?

If a male takes methylphenidate, could it affect fertility or increase the chance of birth defects?

A study with 50 participants found that male who had been taking methylphenidate for at least 1 year had a decrease in motility (movement) of sperm. This could affect fertility (ability to get a person pregnant). In general, exposures that fathers or sperm donors have are unlikely to increase risks to a pregnancy. For more information, please see the MotherToBaby fact sheet Paternal Exposures here.

Key points

  • Methylphenidate (Ritalin®, Concerta®) is a stimulant used to treat ADHD, ADD, and sleep disorders (narcolepsy).
  • According to studies methylphenidate should not increases the risk of congenital malformations or other pregnancy-related problems when taken as prescribed.
  • Methylphenidate passes into breast milk/ human milk in small amounts and does not appear to cause problems for breastfed/ chestfed babies.
  • Always consult your healthcare professional before starting or changing your treatment.

References

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Disclaimer

HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB provides a source of information validated by health professionals; however, this information is provided for informational purposes only and should not replace professional advice. Medical standards and practices evolve as new data becomes available, so it is imperative to consult your doctor or a qualified health professional for any questions or concerns regarding your health without delay or omission. It is the responsibility of your treating physician or any other health professional, based on their independent experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine the best way to evaluate and treat you.

HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB does not specifically recommend or endorse any test, practitioner, treatment, product, or opinion mentioned on our platform. HEALTHY PREGNANCY HUB also does not replace the individual patient assessment based on the examination by the healthcare provider of each patient and the consideration of laboratory data and other patient-specific factors.

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While consulting symptoms or other medical information on our platform may guide your discussions with your healthcare professional, this information should not be used to make a medical diagnosis or determine treatment. Before making changes to your supplement or medication regimen, please discuss with your medical team or contact 811 (Canada) to ensure the relevance of these changes to your individual situation.

Credits
MotherToBaby
Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS)
View source
Brigitte Martin
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine
Émy Roberge
Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine
Catriona Hippman
University of British Columbia

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